It's an old arrangement from back when Apple was close to bankruptcy. Ireland want to attract companies and factories to have jobs and gave Apple a cheap deal.
Time has changed and Apple is one of the richest companies while the actual tax rate went down to non-existing:
Quote:
Vestiges said this selective treatment allowed Apple to pay an effective corporate tax rate of 1 percent on its European profits in 2003 down to 0.005 percent in 2014. Therefore in 2014 Apple paid 0.005 percent tax on EU profits, which means that "For every million euros in profits, it (Apple) paid just €500 in taxes,"
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If every other country is charging double digit rates on profit, this can't be right. Ireland protests because their existence, jobs,... depends on the tax heaven status.