Random question but what I mean is for example, a record label funded a lot of money into an artist's album. Big producers, songwriters, marketing, promo, music video/photo shoots etc. and then the album flops.

If they didn't earn enough from their concerts, have any endorsements or have enough of their own money then how do they pay back the label for all the funding being put into the album?

Do they take out a loan? Maybe do nice things with a record executive or ask a celeb friend of theirs for a loan? Hope for a collab with another artist which could bring in money? How?

I don't think they have to pay back the record company. The record company put their money into them and if they continue to flop they just drop them?

If a project fails to recoup, it's recorded as a loss. Frankly only maybe 10% of a label's artists make the income that pays for everyone else's flops.

Ah I see. Thanks for the comments