Lovine's premium-only Apple Music, which launched at midyear, took on long-dominant Spotify and is making some headway, though more slowly than many had hoped, setting up a possible two-horse race in the U.S.,
while the disastrous launch of Jay Z’s premium-only Tidal will go down as a case study in how to create an immediate and extreme backlash.

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And this fall, Scooter Braun drew up the blueprint for music marketing in the digital age,
transforming Justin Bieber from damaged goods to full-fledged adult superstar and the biggest artist in the streaming sector by a mile.
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Adele is the polar opposite of the American pop divas Katy, Rihanna, Beyoncé and Taylor, who compete at the highest level for media bandwidth. Adele is adored like no other artist of the current era, and her return satisfies a widespread and longstanding hunger for something undeniably real from an artist the whole world trusts to deliver powerful, universally relatable emotion. Adele’s appeal is imbued with such humanity that it stands out in sharp relief from the surrounding noise.
Adele isn’t seen as a brand but as a female archetype.
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Rihanna is a no-show.
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