Jessie Ware - Devotion (debut is only album in discography)
Treats - Sleigh Bells (failed to top it)
Lungs - Florence + the Machine (I like her sophomore equally)
Katy B - On A Mission (we'll see if she tops it this year)

Gurl, none of those artists have more than 1 album, what opportunity did they have to surpass their debuts?

Sis, where's Animal?!

Born To Die ***** on everything.

Paradise to me, is even better than that, more emotion and raw sounding

but animal isn't that good

her follow ups are better, especially Warrior.

I included that one too, but removed it, as the OP considers 'Katy Hudson' her debut album, not One of the Boys.

Illmatic - Nas
Exile in Guyville - Liz Phair

Neither topped their debut album, and even though they both have more commercially successful albums, they will both forever live in the shadow of their stunning debuts.

.

Rihanna - Music of the Sun DEAL. - No. She didn't top this.
Beyonce - Dangerously in Love - No. She didn't top this.
Janet Jackson - Control Yes. - Yes. She topped it with the next album.
Mariah Carey - Mariah Carey - Nope.
Madonna - Madonna - Yes.
Lil' Kim - Hard Core - Yes.
Lady Gaga - The Fame - No.
Kanye West - The College Dropout - Yes.
Lana del Rey - Born to Die - Not Yet.
Katy B - On a Mission - Not Yet.
Ke$ha - Animal - Yes.

I never said that... I'm not a fan of Katy but I thought One of the Boys was her debut?

Taylor Swift - Taylor Swift.

Why has no one mentioned that album?

She wrote every song on that album with or without a co writer between the ages of 12 and 16, and it perfectly captures the sweet ache of being a teenager. Best debut album ever country music at its finest

However she quickly topped it with Fearless, Speak Now and Red

Baby One More Time, topped with ITZ, but not so much
Let Go, not topped(and won't be ever topped)
Meet Miley Cyrus topped by Breakout
Taylor Swift topped by the following 3(the only singer who can top every album, at least to me)